Mechanism of Cold PLASMA There are three primary mechanisms by which cold plasma inactivates microbes (Moisan et al. 2002). The first is the chemical interaction of radicals (hydroxyl, superoxide, nitrogen dioxide, singlet oxygen and other reactive species interfering with cell walls. The second is by damage to membranes and internal cellular components by UV photons. Finally, DNA strands may be broken by ultraviolet radiation generated during recombination of the plasma species, electrons, negative ions, or free radicals. While on a given commodity, one mode of action may be more significant than another, the greatest sanitizing efficacy results from plasma with multiple antimicrobial mechanisms (Moisan et al. 2002, Laroussi 2003). In these studies, genes related to DNA repair, the response to oxidative stress, and cell wall synthesis were activated in the surviving populations. The conclusion was oxidative damage and UV damage to DNA were the primary mechanisms of microbial inactivation (Roth et al. 2010a, 2010b). Each of these mechanisms have antimicrobial actions against bacteria, molds, yeast and spores (Klämpfl et al., 2012; Tseng et al., 2012; Takamatsu et al., 2015; Dasan et al., 2016).